@misc{Rajtar-Zembaty_Jakub_Józef_Physical_2022,
 author={Rajtar-Zembaty, Jakub Józef},
 address={Kraków},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2022},
 school={Wydział Lekarski},
 language={pol},
 abstract={Problems in the field of functional and physical fitness are serious health limitations in the elderly. The results of the research conducted so far indicate the coexistence of dysfunctions in the field of physical and functional fitness with cognitive functioning. However, there is little data in the literature documenting the relationship between global cognitive functioning or individual domains and physical and functional fitness. Purpose of research: The study was aimed at assessing the relationship between the level of physical and functional fitness and cognitive functioning in older people without dementia. Methodology: The analysis was done on group of 800 individuals aged 60 years and more. The average age of the respondents was 69.3 years, and 71% of the study group were women. All subjects were screened for cognitive functioning using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and subjects who scored at least 24 points were enrolled into the study. Demographic data concerning diseases was obtained on the basis of an interview and medical documentation. The cognitive function was then assessed with the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III) test. The following were used to assess the individual domains of physical fitness: "timed up and go" test (TUG), the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), hand grip stre},
 abstract={ngth (HGT), fast walking test, functional reach test (FRT), stair climbing tests. Functional status was tested with scales assessing the ability to cope with activities of daily living: Katz's Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Lawton-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to assess the level of depressive symptoms. Results: The correlation analysis found a negative correlation between TUG time and ACEIII score and all cognitive domains, and a negative correlation between ascent and descent time and global cognitive functions and domains except attention. The results of the other physical fitness tests (6MWT, HGT, SPPB, walking speed and accelerated walking, the five times sit-t-stand test and FRT test were positively correlated with the ACE-III score and the scores of individual cognitive domains except for attention. The IADL score showed only a relationship with verbal fluency. The relationship between the level of cognitive functioning and physical and functional fitness was stronger in the case of physical rather than functional fitness. The strongest correlation was shown by: verbal fluency, visual-spatial functions and memory. However no relationship was found between the attention examined with the ACE III test and the abilities examined. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant and ind},
 abstract={ependent association of global cognitive function with all assessed physical fitness tests except the full SPPB test, although ACE-III was associated with walking speed and the 5-times sit-tostand test, but not with balance. This suggests that better physical fitness is associated with better cognitive functioning. Moreover, an independent relationship was found between TUG time and memory and verbal fluency, as well as 6MWT distance and fluency and visual-spatial efficiency. Better physical fitness was significantly associated with younger age, more years of education, and better results of HGT, stair test, FRT, TUG and walking speed, accelerated gait were associated with a lower level of depression. Conclusions: In older age, there is a relationship between physical and functional fitness and the level of global cognition, as well as with individual cognitive domains except attention. This relationship is strongly marked in the case of physical fitness.},
 title={Physical and functional fitness and cognitive functioning in the elderly},
 type={Praca doktorska},
 keywords={cognitive functions, functional ability, physical functions, elderly},
}