@misc{Witowski_Jan_Sylwester_Implementation_2020,
 author={Witowski, Jan Sylwester},
 address={Kraków},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2020},
 school={Rada Dyscypliny Nauki medyczne},
 language={pol; eng},
 abstract={Laparoscopic liver resection has been widely accepted as an effective and beneficial approach to surgical liver cancer treatment. However, they require precise planning, based significantly on medical imaging. 3D printing allows to develop personalized anatomical models. Its value in liver surgery was so far unknown, though. The aim of this publication series was to: suggest a new, low-cost method of 3D printing liver models; validate its accuracy and verify models utility in a clinical setting. Additionally, a review of state of the art in liver 3D printing was conducted. A unique approach to development of full-sized, multi-material 3D printed liver models was described. This method reduced production costs from approximately 10,000 PLN to 500 PLN (2,500 USD to 125 USD) per model. Method was verified on 15 cases that compared models and original computed tomography images through a series of 2D and 3D measurements and analysis of computed tomography morphology of scanned models. The accuracy of models, including tumor location and its relation to surrounding major vessels, was satisfactory enough to use models in a clinical setting. The main parameter that affects 3D model accuracy is imaging quality. For clinical evaluation, 19 patients were prospectively included into the study. 3D printed models changed the surgical plan in 26.3% cases. 3D printed models were especially va},
 abstract={luable in planning difficult resections. However, diagnostic accuracy of models themselves is limited by original imaging, which is why intraoperative surgical plan review with ultrasonography is required.},
 title={Implementation of 3D printing in laparoscopic liver surgery},
 type={Praca doktorska},
 keywords={3D printing; liver surgery; laparoscopy},
}