@misc{Boczar_Krzysztof_Venous_2017,
 author={Boczar, Krzysztof},
 address={Kraków},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2017},
 school={Wydział Lekarski},
 language={pol; eng},
 abstract={The aim of the study was to assess the incidence of stenosis and occlusions, determine the risk factors in patients with endocardial leads and to analyze the influence of VSO on efficacy, complications and technical challenges of TLE procedures in a prospective single-center study. The material consists of 370 consecutive patients referred for cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) device upgrade, generator replacement or transvenous lead extraction in whom the contrast venography examination of the ipsilateral access vein was performed prior to the operation. Results: The positive result of venography 31 % to 36.1 % of patients with endocardial leads. The presence of endocardial leads is a predisposing factor for venous stenosis/occlusion and mcreases the risk 4-fold. In the patients with endocardial leads, diabetes mellitus was proved to be a protective factor against the development of VSO. Female gander seems to be additional protective factor against development of VSO. There is no association between indication for TLE (infected or noninfected lead extraction) and the incidence of VSO. VSO does not influence the effectiveness, safety, and the use of additional tools during TLE procedures. The utility of CHA2DS2-VASc score (>3points) proved to be a destimulant of VSO occurrence.},
 title={Venous stenosis and occlusion (VSO) in the presence of endocardial leads},
 type={Praca doktorska},
 keywords={venous stenosis, cardiac pacing, venous occlusion, complications, endocardial leads},
}