@misc{Rydlewska_Anna_Venous_2013,
 author={Rydlewska, Anna},
 address={Kraków},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2013},
 school={Wydział Lekarski},
 language={pol},
 abstract={The study comprised 177 patients (120 pts-Group I were studied prospectively and 57 –Group II and III retrospectively). In all patients clinical factors and implantation procedure were evaluated. In Group I and III laboratory and visual examinations were performed.ResultsVenous occlusion occurred in 17 patients (14,2% of population). ConclusionsVenous occlusion risk factors are: myocardial infarction, NYHA class >II, tobacco smoking, infection, lack of antibiotic prophylaxis, time of implantation>100 minutes, venous anomalies, temporary heart stimulation. Risk of venous occlusion grows with number of risk factors, and when 6 factors coexist it is nearly 100%. Patients with venous occlusion had lower LVEF and Vp, and larger left and right ventricle and left atrium than those without occlusion. Patients with venous occlusion had higher levels of IL-6, hsCRP, D-dimers, fibrinogen, TF, VII, PAI-1 and platelets than those without occlusion. Their values were growing during the follow up in patients with occlusion, in patients without occlusion they decreased. In patients with low LVEF, after systemic infection, smoking tobacco before cardiac device implantation it seems reasonable to test levels of D-dimers, fibrinogen and platelets. In case of their abnormal results an introduction of prophylactic anti-coagulation, anti-inflammatory and/or anti-platelet therapy seems justified.},
 title={Venous occlusion as a complication of pacemaker or cardioverter-defibrillator implantation},
 type={Praca doktorska},
 keywords={pacemaker, venous occlusion, cardioverter-defibrillator},
}