Szukana fraza: [Abstrakt = "r clinical outcomes in patients with PAD. Research objectives\: 1. Assessment of endothelial function and angiogenesis activation in response to interval training with the use of blood flow restriction \(BFR\) in healthy volunteers. 2. Comparison of the impact of exercise with blood flow restriction \(BFR\) versus unrestricted flow \(nonBFR\) on vascular endothelial function and angiogenesis activation. 3. Evaluation of the application of exercise with restricted blood flow \(BFR\) in the patient with peripheral arterial disease. In Stage I, a prospective cross\-over study was conducted on a group of healthy volunteers. During the training sessions, the participants performed 21\-minute exercises in a seated position on an elliptical trainer, consisting of a 9\-minute warm\-up and 6 sprints lasting 30 seconds with increased resistance, separated by 90\-second rest periods. In the case of BFR exercises, venous flow restriction was maintained throughout the training by using cooling pressure cuffs \(40 mmHg for the arms and 65 mmHg for the thighs\). Endothelial functions were assessed using non\-invasive imaging studies, including flow\-mediated dilation \(FMD\), reactive hyperemia index \(RHI\), and pulse wave analysis \(PWA\). Measurements of the concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 \(VEGF\-R2\), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule \(PECAM\-1\), and transmembrane prot"]

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