Search for: [Abstract = "Sarcoidosis, known as Besnier, Boeck and Schaumann disease \(BSS\) is a disorder of unknown etiology, in which non\-caseating granulomas develop in many organs. The lungs and lymph nodes are affected in 90% of patients. Diagnosis is based on the clinical symptoms, chest x\-ray and computerized tomography. It is necessary to find non\-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas by biopsy of an involved organ. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis needs differentiation with diseases presenting with similar clinical signs, radiological characteristics and cyto\-histopathological evidence, including tuberculosis. The course of the diseaseis usually benign, most often there are spontaneous remissions, however a chronic course as well as recurrence may occur. In extreme cases sarcoidosis may lead to lung fibrosis, which may require lung transplantation. Treatment is indicated in approximately 30% of patients, and corticosteroid therapy is most often used.Until now there are no widely accepted standards of diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Commonly used techniques include\: EBB, TBLB, TBNA, and mediastinoscopy. The novel diagnostic modality – endosonography \(EBUS\-NA and EUS\-NA\), introduced recently into clinical practice, is a promising alternative for mediastinoscopy, which until recently was the standard method of obtaining tissue samples from mediastinal lymph nodes. These methods were not verified in randomized studies.The role of thoracic surgeon in diagnosis of sarcoidosis is limited to invasive diagnostic procedures in cases, which could not be diagnosed using minimally invasive procedures. Such patients usually undergo mediastinoscopy or, rarely, VATS \(in the stage III and IV of sarcoidosis\). Thanks to the introduction of endoscopic procedures and ultrasound\-guided biopsy, many patients may avoid surgery, i.e. mediastinoscopy.EBUS\-NA and EUS\-NA in the diagnostics of sarcoidosis were introduced in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of John Paul IInd Hospital in Cracow in 2008. Since then the number of surgeries \(mediastinoscopy and VATS\) in diagnostics of sarcoidosis decreased significantly. In order to compare methods used in diagnostics of sarcoidosis a prospective randomized study was designed. The aim of this thesis is a comparison of the standard endoscopic methods, such as EBB, TBLB and TBNA, with endosonographic methods\: EBUS\-NA and EUS\-NA. Diagnostic yield of both endosonographic methods in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis was also compared. Moreover, the role of TBNA in diagnosis of sarcoidosis was assessed as a technically easier and cheaper method, which is not widely used.39In the period from October 2009 to May 2012, 106 patients were enrolled in the study. In all patients standard endoscopic methods were used including TBNA, EBB and TBLB and subsequently, after randomization, 55 patients had EBUS\-NA and 51 had EUS\-NA.All patients with negative results of the standard procedures and EBUS\-NA underwent EUS\-NA \(8 patients\) and all"]

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