Search for: [Abstract = "Multiple myeloma, which represents 10% of haematological neoplasms, mainly affects the elderly. In recent years the age limit for MM diagnosis has been gradually edging towards the younger population. The most common manifestations of MM are\: predominantly anaemia and consequent symptoms due to bone and kidney failure. Anaemia, which is an early complication of MM, has multifactorial pathogenesis. The predominant causes are due to\: overexpression of cytokines pathway which contribute to development of ACD, displacement of normal bone marrow cells by myeloma cells, disturbance of normal ferritic management and reduced EPO secretion due to renal failure. Anaemia correlates with worse prognosis\; moreover it may be an independent predictor of development of impaired kidney function in multiple myeloma. In treatment of anaemia, classic methods are used such as iron supplementation, blood transfusions \(which require frequent hospitalizations\) and the use of EPO \(associated with increased risk of thromboembolism\). Currently new forms of anaemia pharmacotherapy are being studied \(recombinant, soluble activin type\-II receptor–IgG\-Fc fusion proteins\). Concentrations of HGB, haematocrit, RBC, MCH, MCHC, MCV, RDW\-CV and iron are used for classical assessment of anaemia. Presently there are new biomarkers of ferritic management \(GDF15, sTfR or hepcidin 25\) which can improve the recognition"]

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