Search for: [Abstract = "Introduction\:The number of implantations of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices \(PM, ICD, CRT\) which manage the heart rhythm is increasing every year due to expanding indications for such a treatment. Rapid development of medicine leads to extending patients’ lifespan. On the other hand the CIEDs have become more complex and consist of more leads. Because of the limited capacity of the generators there is necessity of systematic replacements of the depleted devices which are surgical procedures. Patients undergoing surgical reoperations are often elderly with multiple comorbidities and have an increased susceptibility to infectious complications. The extended presence of leads in patients’ bodies facilitates their dysfunction. Probably, these are the factors which cause the increase in long\-term complications in cardiac device therapy. Over the last two decades the techniques of transvenous lead extraction \(TLE\) have been developed as an alternative to surgical methods.Objective\:The aim of the thesis is the analysis of the indications for transvenous lead extraction in patients of Department of Electrocardiology John Paul II Hospital in Cracow in relation to implantation techniques which were used and other patient\-related and device\-related risk factors for permanent pacing complications. \; Methods\:The study comprises the records of all patients who underwent transve"]

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