Search for: [Abstract = "Introduction\: Clinical trials require an enormous amount of money and time, but only a small percentage of tested therapies are eventually approved for human use. This may be significantly influenced by the quality of the research itself, which in turn is negatively affected by errors accumulating at all stages of clinical and preclinical trials. These errors are collectively known as research waste. One of the basic requirements for clinical trials is that they have the potential to generate high\-quality data. They will then have so\-called social value – the potential to bring direct benefit to the patient\/participant or, indirectly, to the population to which they belong. Accumulation of research waste reduces this potential, and therefore has a very negative impact on the social value of research. Some populations of research participants require special treatment and protection, for example because of their inability to give informed consent. One of these populations are children. So far, there are no sufficient criteria that would allow the assessment of social value at various stages of research. It is not clear how to make this assessment prospectively, especially in early\-phase studies involving pediatric population and in medical fields such as oncology, where it is difficult to develop effective and safe therapies. Aim\: The aim of this dissertation is to assess the"]

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