Search for: [Abstract = "In modern dentistry the great importance is put to prophylactic procedures which include removal of plaque and calculus. The aim of this research was to conduct in vitro examination of hard surfaces of the tissues surrounding the neck of the tooth. Three types of devices\: the Gracey curette, the Vector® system by Dürr Dental and the piezoelectric scalar by Amdent®. By the use of the measurement analysis performed with the profile measuring laser and the observation of images in scanning electron microscope it was proven, which of the aforementioned methods caused the most extensive loss of hard tissues of the tooth after those instruments had been used to polish the surface and how the roughness and the microstructure of the enamel and the cement changed. Scaling was performed by one operator with the use of constant parameters\: 20 polishing movements, the tip of device being applied under the right angle to the surface and a constant force of 5 Newtons for manual devices and 0.5 Newtons for mechanic devices being set. The results of the profile measuring test, assessing the amount of removed hard tissue of the tooth, allowed for the statement that the most invasive method was cleaning with the Gracey curette. The second most aggressive instrument proved to be the piezoelectric scalar Amadent®, and the most delicate device was the Vector® system with polishing liquid, containin"]

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