Search for: [Abstract = "Decline in cardiovascular disease \(CVD\) mortality which has beenobserved in Poland since 1992 is not fully explained by theintroduction of new treatment methods and reduction of the exposureto CVD risk factors. Low physical activity is one of the CVD riskfactors but little is known about relationship between CVD and lowphysical functioning. A natural consequence of low physicalfunctioning is low physical activity and on this indirect way, lowphysical functioning may increase the risk of CVD. On the other hand,low physical functioning may be a consequence of CVD or otherchronic conditions that increase the risk of CVD.The objective of this study was to assess the relationship betweenphysical functioning and CVD risk factors, CVD incidenceand mortality.A cohort study with 5\-year follow\-up was conducted within thePolish component of the HAPIEE \(Health, Alcohol and Psychosocialfactors In Eastern Europe\) Study. Studied group was a random sampleof 10 728 men and women aged 45\-69 years, selected from permanentresidents of Krakow. Physical functioning was assessed using10 questions selected from the SF\-36 scale. Information on healthstatus, health behaviours, socioeconomic and psychosocial factors wascollected using standardized questionnaire. Blood pressure andanthropometric measurements were taken according to the standardprotocol. Blood samples were collected to estimate the level of lipidsand glucose using enzymatic and enzymatic\-colorimetric methods.Participants were followed to obtain information on deaths andtheir causes and incident CVD. CVD incidence and mortality wereassessed separately in men and women in four subcategoriesof physical functioning, i.e. very good, good, moderate and low,according to quartile values of the distribution of physical functioning.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess therelationship between physical functioning and CVD risk factors.Relationship between physical functioning and CVD incidence andmortality was assessed using Cox proportional hazards model. Thereference group consisted of participants with very good physicalfunctioning.Compared to men with very good physical functioning, men withlow physical functioning had more frequent low physical activity\(OR=2.64\; 95%CI\: 2.24\-3.12\), diabetes \(OR=2.56\; 95%CI\: 2.03\-3.22\), hypertension \(OR=1.60\; 95%CI\: 1.33\-1.92\), more frequentlywere obese \(OR=1.51\; 95%CI\: 1.25\-1.82\) and smokers \(OR=1.69\;95%CI\: 1.39\-2.00\). Compared to women with very good physical"]

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