Search for: [Abstract = "Crohn’s disease \(CD\) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting all of the layers of the gastro\-intestinal tract \(GIT\), that spreads locally, and is usually separated by non\-changed parts of mucosa. The pathologic changes can be located in every part of GIT, from the oral cavity to the anus. CD is characterized by the remission and exacerbation periods. The changes in oral cavity may be found in every period of the disease, preceding other GIT changes for several years, coexisting with them from the initial diagnosis or fallow the GIT changes. Several pathologic changes have been described in CD, and were initially characterized in 1991 by Malins. The aim of the study was to examine in CD patients, both in the remission and exacerbation of the disease\: 1\) the frequency and character of pathologic changes in the oral cavity mucosa and dental status in clinical examination, 2\) the amount of saliva production and characteristic of chosen inflammatory cytokines\: IL\-1beta, IL\-6, IL\-10\; 3\) the correlation of these cytokines with the activity of CD. The studied group consisted of 69 subjects. In this group 37 patients suffered from CD \(aged 20\-48 years\) and 32 were healthy volunteers and were treated as a control group \(HC\; aged 18\-45 years\). Among many other tests, the general medical status, BMI, whole blood count, and biochemical parameters were analyzed. The CD patients were divided into two groups based on the Crohn’s disease activity index \(CDAI\). The active disease cut point was CDAI>150 points and the rest were treated as remission. In all subjects dental examination, including medical interview, and the assessment of DMF \( d\-decayed, m\-missing, f\- filling\) index was performed. Special precautions were undertaken to assess the pathologic changes previously described in CD. The saliva production was measured, and the production of cytokines IL\-1beta, IL\-6, IL\-10 i TNF\-alfa was estimated using the ELISA method. Statistical analysis was implemented based on the normality of the data distribution, and adequate statistical tests were used. In patients with active CD when compared to healthy controls \(HC\), there were statistically higher levels of leucocytes count, CRP, fibrinogen, and lower levels of erythrocytes, haemoglobin \(Hgb\), haematocrit \(HCT\) and albumins. The biochemical biomarkers typical for chronic inflammatory disease \(ie. CRP, fibrinogen, albumin\), the blood count parameters including platelets, statistically differed from patients with CD in remission. No differences were observed between groups in DMF, which means no increase tendency to caries was found in CD. The amount of sensitive changes in oral cavity, according to Malins et. al, was as follows\: in 2 \(5%\) a diffused labial and buccal sweelings was observed, in 1 \(3%\) focal areas of mucosal inflammatory hyperplasia and fissuring \(cobblestoning\). Unsensitive changes were\: in 3 \( 8%\) unhealed oral ulcerations , in 3 \(8%\) aphtous ulcerations, in 4 \( 11%\) gingivitis, in 4 \( 11%\) midline lip fissuring, in 5 \( 13,5%\) angular cheilitis , in 1 \( 3%\) inflammation of the tongue and in 12 \( 32%\) paleness of oral mucosa. The amount of saliva production in CD patients was 0,40 \+ 0,16 ml\/min and did not differ depending on the activity of the disease nor to the HC group \(0,36 \+ 0,14\). The IL\-6 in saliva of the CD patients was higher than in HC \(12,09 \+ 9,33 i 4,41 \+ 4,79 pg\/ml respectively\; p=0,034\) and was also increased in CD patients in exacerbation, when compared to CD in remission \(13,85 \+ 9,26 vs 7,23 \+ 7,16 pg\/ml respectively\; p =0,047\). The IL\-10 in the saliva was lower in CD patients when compared to HC group \( 9,35 \+ 13,81 vs 23,70 \+ 16,50 pg\/ml respectively\; p=0,007\) and did not differ inside CD group, when activity of the disease was taken into account. The TNF\-alfa level in saliva of the CD patients was higher, when compared to HC \(30,56 \+ 21,28 vs 6,80 \+ 1,80 pg\/ml respectively\; p=0,018\)."]

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