Search for: [Abstract = "Bones constitute an important mechanical barrier protecting the soft tissues of the body but particularly sense different mechanical forces, regulating remodeling of the skeletal system. Bone remodeling \(bone turnover\) takes place under both physiological conditions and upon micro\- and macro\- bone injuries, and its imbalance, i.e. excessive or reduced bone resorption as well as formation affects the homeostasis of a whole organism. Treating of large bone defects or bone degenerative diseases \(e.g. osteoporosis\), manifesting with an impaired bone remodeling, still remains a challenging medical issue. Besides the classical protocols based on the use of bone auto\- or allogenic grafts, bone tissue engineering offers several new, promising methods of bone defects treatment. This strategy applies appropriate osteoblast precursor cells cultured in vitro e.g. on three\-dimensional biomaterials \(scaffolds\), in the presence of the selected osteoinductive factors, under mechanical forces applied in bioreactors. A major source of osteoblast progenitors with a great potential within bone tissue regeneration strategies are human bone marrow\-derived mesenchymal stem cells \(hBMSCs\). The aim of this PhD dissertation was to investigate the mechanisms of osteogenesis in human bone marrow\-derived mesenchymal stem cells \(hBMSCs\) in vitro cultures carried out on the selected scaffolds of a different chemical composition and bioactivity \(experimental scaffolds based on a biodegradable poly\-L\-lactide\-D\-glycolide \(PLGA\) copolymer and two types of bioactive glasses\: S2 or A2 or bioinert scaffolds made of polyurethane \(PU\) coated with gelatin\) and the assessment of hBMSC mechanical stimulation in flow perfusion bioreactor in these 3D cultures. The research project presented was focused on the selection and optimisation of the in vitro culture conditions, most effectively promoting differentiation of human BMSCs towards a bone tissue. The experiments were carried out both in static conditions or under media flow perfusion stimulation in hBMSC cultures established on PLGA\- or PU\-based scaffolds. The cells were either cultured in a standard growth medium or stimulated with appropriate osteoinductive supplements\: AA\-2P, DEX, BGP and rhBMP\-2."]

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