Search for: [Abstract = "Background. Macrophages are a versatile group of phagocytic cells responsible for fulfilling a variety of immune functions, most notably for mounting the initial anti\-microbial response and for the clearance of cellular debris and apoptotic bodies. Thus, macrophages play an important role in innate immunity, as they are able either to activate and promote acute inflammation against pathogen or to counteract immune response against self\-antigens. Additionally, macrophages function as antigen presenting and effector cells, helping to induce the adaptive, humoral, and cellular immune response. Methods. Macrophages from mice treated with morphine with or without an analgesic adjuvant \(gabapentin, amitriptyline, or venlafaxine\), or from mice treated solely with an antidepressant \(imipramine, fluoxetine, or moclobemide\), were either subjected to reactive oxygen intermediates chemiluminescence assay, cultured to _ evaluate the generation of cytokines, or were pulsed with either corpuscular antigen or hapten and transferred to naive recipients to induce humoral or cellular response, respectively. Active contact hypersensitivity was also elicited in drug\-treated mice. Phagocytosis assay was performed in the case of mice treated with morphine with or without gabapentin, amitriptyline or venlafaxine. Reactive oxygen intermediates assay was also performed in macrophages from mice treated"]

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