Search for: [Abstract = "BGs\-PLGA composites have exhibited high bioactivity, manifesting with the formation of calcium phosphate \(apatite\) precipitates inside the pores of the scaffolds. We also have characterised mechanical properties of both composites and shown they promoted superior hBMSC attachment to the scaffolds surface and stimulated the expression of several osteogenic markers in hBMSC compared to cells grown on unmodified PLGA. We concluded there were also marked differences in the response of hBMSCs to composite scaffolds, depending on chemical compositions of the scaffolds and culture treatments. Compared to silica\-rich S2\-PLGA composites, hBMSC grown on calcium\-rich A2\-PLGA scaffolds were overall less responsive to rhBMP\-2 or DEX and the osteoinductive properties of these A2\-PLGA scaffolds seemed to be partially dependent on activation of BMP signaling in untreated hBMSCs. Our composite scaffolds, specifically S2\-PLGA also enhanced hBMSCs osteogenesis under a single, 2\-hour session of unidirectional, steady, 2.5 ml\/min flow perfusion stimulation and rhBMP\-2 treatment. We also cultured hBMSCs on bioinert, porous, gelatine\-coated, polyurethane scaffolds in the presence of the osteogenic supplements and stimulated them with a single 2\-hour session of media flow perfusion at either early or late 3D culture stages. Some of the cells also were pre\-treated in monolayers \(2D cultures\) with the osteogenic supplements to advance cell differentiation and followed by the osteogenic 3D cultures. These experiments were performed in order to characterize cell differentiation stage effects under flow perfusion stimulation. We noted that a single, short, unidirectional and steady media perfusion in hBMSC 3D cultures can significantly enhance expression of bone\-related transcription and growth factors along with the enhancement of matrix components \(collagen and mineral\) production. However, it is the most effective when cells reach the pre\-osteoblast or osteoblast differentiation stage. Based on the results obtained, we conclude it may become possible to modulate the osteogenic response of hBMSCs in 3D cultures, depending on the scaffolds chemistry \(bioinert vs bioactive scaffolds of different CaO and SiO2 contents\), cell treatment conditions \(standard growth media without osteogenic supplements vs supplemented media\; static vs dynamic cultures, stimulated with flow perfusion\) and cell differentiation stage \(undifferentiated precursors of osteoblasts vs differentiating osteoblasts\). This knowledge may possibly contribute to the elaboration of new, clinically relevant protocols of bone defects treatment, based on bone tissue engineering strategy."]

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