Search for: [Abstract = "\-time polymerase chain reaction \(RT\-PCR\). Methods The study included 77 participants\: 43 patients with UC \(14 with inactive disease and 29 with active disease\), 18 patients with CD \(8 with inactive disease and 10 with active disease\), and 16 controls. The activity of UC was assessed using Mayo criteria, and the activity of CD, using Crohn’s Disease Activity Index. All participants completed a questionnaire on enrollment, including a food questionnaire developed specifically for the purpose of this study with a clinical dietitian. In all participants, complete blood count, albumin, ferritin, CRP, and fecal calprotectin levels were measured. In addition, fecal levels of the following organic acids were measured using CE\-UV\: acetic, lactic, succinic, propionic, butyric, isovaleric, isobutyric, and valeric acids. The serum levels of TNF\-α, IL\-6, IL\-10, IL\-17, and IL\-22 were measured using an enzyme\-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, in 35 participants \(11 patients with inactive IBD, 18 patients with active IBD, and 6 controls\), biopsy samples were obtained from the large intestinal mucosa during colonoscopy to assess mRNA expression for selected markers of inflammation and intestinal mucosal integrity. The biopsy samples were used to assess the mRNA expression for IL\-6, PPAR\-γ, iNOS, hypoxia\-inducible factor 1\-α \(HIF\-1α\), ZO\-1, claudin\-2, occludin, and succinate receptor"]

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