Search for: [Abstract = "thin stenotic aortic valves and in serum compared to patients without DMT2. Furthermore, in the AS\-DM group, the expression of AGEs and RAGE, as well as their serum levels, correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin \(HbA1c\) levels. Importantly, in AS\-DM patients, valvular expression of AGEs and serum AGE levels were associated with disease severity. Publication 2 evaluated 100 patients with AS \(without DMT2\) and 50 patients with AS and DMT2 \(AS\-DM\). Valvular expression of nuclear factor kappa B \(NF\-κB\), bone morphogenetic protein\-2 \(BMP\-2\), prothrombin \(FII\), and activated factor X \(FXa\) was assessed by immunofluorescence. The expression of NF\-κB and BMP\-2 in valve interstitial cells \(VICs\) in vitro cultures stimulated with glucose was evaluated at the protein and mRNA \(RELA\) levels. Mechanistic studies were performed using a reactive oxygen species inhibitor \(NAC\) or NF\-κB pathway inhibitor \(BAY 11\-7082\). Increased expression of NF\-κB, BMP\-2, and coagulation proteins was observed in AS\-DM valves compared to those without DM. Valvular expression of NF\-κB and BMP\-2 positively correlated with FII and FXa expression. Only in patients with DM, valvular NF\-κB expression was associated with HbA1c and blood fructosamine levels, as well as AS severity. In vitro experiments demonstrated that high glucose concentrations increased NF\-κB and BMP\-2 expression, while the use of ROS \(NAC\) o"]

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