Search for: [Abstract = "The aim of the first study was to determine a profile of ex vivo released cytokines in patients with stroke\-associated pneumonia \(SAP\) and to assess the clinical utility of individual cytokines and their combination as a biomarker of SAP. Two hundred seventy\-nine patients with ischemic stroke were included into this study \(median age\: 69 years\; 41.6% female\). Blood samples were collected on the third day after the onset of stroke and stimulated ex vivo with lipopolysaccharide \(LPS\). LPS\-induced cytokine concentrations \(TNFα, IP\-10, IL\-1β, IL\-6, IL\-8, IL\-10 and IL\-12p70\) were measured in supernatants. In addition, interleukin\-6 \(IL\-6\), a marker of systemic inflammation, was measured in plasma. During the first 5 days after stroke pneumonia occurred in 7.2% of patients. Patients with pneumonia were older, more often suffered from atrial fibrillation and ischemic heart disease, and had more severe neurological deficit on admission. Compared to patients without SAP, patients with SAP had lower ex vivo release of TNFα, IL\-1β, IL\-12, IP\-10 and a higher level of circulating IL\-6. The multimarker score composed of ex vivo synthesized IL\-12, IP\-10, and plasma IL\-6 displayed very good discriminatory properties for SAP \(area under curve \[AUC\]\: 0.90\) with sensitivity of 0.89 and specificity of 0.88. Discriminatory abilities of the multimarkers score was better than individual cytokines. Th"]

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