Search for: [Abstract = "Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common groups of metabolic diseases, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Due to its prevalence, diabetes is one of the most significant problems of global public health. Diabetes mellitus type 1 \(DM1\) is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic cells, which produce insulin. The onset of DM1 is most often in childhood or adolescence. The main symptoms include increased liquid and food intake as well as frequent urination. Diagnosis is based on the confirmation of hyperglycemia, defined as the fasting glucose serum level ≥ 7.0 mmol\/L \(126 mg\/dL\) or ≥ 11.1 mmol\/L \(200 mg\/dL\) in a glucose tolerance test. Treatment is based on keeping the glycemia in the normal range. In DM1, this is achieved by administering exogenous insulin. Traditionally, insulin is administered subcutaneously by patient, several times a day. The doses are determined on the glycemia measurements performed by the patient with the same frequency. Such insulin therapy allows to maintain the normoglycemia for about 28% of the time of the day. Diabetes leads to numerous complications. Acute complications include ketoacidosis and severe hyperosmolar hyperglycemia. An improper insulin therapy may lead to hypoglycemic coma. Chronic complications include retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular disease, diabetic foot and diabetic gastroparesis. Neurological complicati"]
